 isolation, education, employment and leisure. 6.6. PAs and others working with disabled care leavers should be given training to ensure that they are equipped to communicate effectively with them, including those with high communication needs. Trained advocates should also be available to ensure that young people’s views are heard and taken into account. Joint protocols 6.7. For transition to become a positive experience for young people and their families, it is necessary for all agencies to work together and understand each other’s roles, responsibilities, professional frame of reference and legal duties within the transition process. To ensure that this happens for disabled care leavers it is essential that specific protocols and agreements are drawn up in each local authority area, with the participation of all agencies. This will include children’s and adult social care, children’s and adult health, education, housing, youth offending, information, advice and guidance services, supported employment services and leisure services. 6.8. Strategic planning approaches will need to be reflected at an operational level through protocols. These should identify the timing and mechanisms by which key professionals come together with young people to help to identify their needs and to plan individualised support packages. In order to avoid duplication, wherever possible, protocols will need to identify how the pathway planning process relates to other frameworks for planning the transition to adulthood for young disabled care leavers, such as those for special educational needs. 6.9. Young people generally transfer from child to adult health services at 16, from child to adult social care services at 18, from school-based education to further education between 16 and 19, and