carried out a 2-day participant observation session on-site at Bristol City Council offices. This consisted of multiple sessions shadowing team meetings, observing users engaging with the TFD. It supported our understanding of how the tool is used in practice, as well as the physical and cultural settings within which the tool operates. These interviews and observations focused on usage of the TFD, the targeted risk models and the Qlik app aggregated views. We also undertook 6 in-depth interviews with school staff in the Bristol area, which focused on the use of the TFE. Social Finance Limited +44 (0) 20 7770 6836 87 Vauxhall Walk, London SE11 5HJ socialfinance.org.uk 22 Quantitative methods We conducted a survey of all current TFD users, which received 66 responses, and similarly surveyed TFE users which received 61 responses. Our survey questions included perceptions of benefits, issues encountered with the products themselves, and experiences in relation to training and support. In addition, we analysed operational usage data of the TFD (but not the TFE, as we weren’t able to access this) from 2019 to the present day. Using survey and usage data, and operational costing information supplied by Bristol City Council, we conducted a cost-benefit analysis in respect of practitioner time saved as a result of the TFD and TFE. We also contracted academics from the Mathematics Department of the University of Edinburgh to conduct a statistical evaluation and accuracy assessment of the targeted risk models. However, source code and variables that detail how these models were created was unable to be found, which prevented us completing this element of the evaluation. We analysed evidence from the various means of inquiry used, and then triangulated this as part of a process of