ties. It includes a single parent who generally manages fine but occasionally needs additional help. It includes families that generally function adequately but have been rendered homeless. It includes families that generally function adequately but face a temporary explosion from an adolescent member. A4.3 Possible sub-categories to help define main category • homeless family; • single parent; • death of a parent or carer. 60 A5. Family dysfunction (code ‘N5’) A5.1 Definition Children whose needs primarily arise from living in a family where the parenting capacity is chronically inadequate. A5.2 Guide to inclusion or exclusion from this category This category should not be chosen if the main reason for inadequate parenting capacity is parental illness or disability. This category includes families where the low parenting capacity is at risk of, or actually is, impairing the child’s health and development. The category includes children who do not receive any of the following: • basic care; • consistent emotional warmth; • adequate stimulation; • adequate guidance and boundaries; • a stable relationship with carers. For inclusion in this category, parenting capacity must be a long-term concern and not just a reaction to adverse circumstance. This is a key factor distinguishing this category from family in acute stress. Within this category there will be degrees of severity in the extent to which the parenting capacity is inadequate. It will also include children whose safety is in concern because of family dysfunction, but for whom there is not yet hard enough evidence to invoke child protection measures. If a child is the subject of a child protection plan or section 47 enquiries, then the abuse and neglect category must be chosen. This category could include children 