tals or buttocks to obtain sexual gratification, or cause the victim humiliation, distress, or alarm, and • initiation/hazing type violence and rituals (this could include activities involving harassment, abuse or humiliation used as a way of initiating a person into a group and may also include an online element). 9 For further information about sexual violence see Part 5 and Annex B. 10 For further information about sexual harassment see Part 5 and Annex B. 11 UKCIS guidance: Sharing nudes and semi-nudes advice for education settings 12 For further information about ‘upskirting’ see Annex B. 15 Child criminal exploitation (CCE) and child sexual exploitation (CSE) 34. Both CCE and CSE are forms of abuse that occur where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance in power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child into taking part in criminal or sexual activity. It may involve an exchange for something the victim needs or wants, and/or for the financial advantage or increased status of the perpetrator or facilitator and/or through violence or the threat of violence. CCE and CSE can affect children, both male and female and can include children who have been moved (commonly referred to as trafficking) for the purpose of exploitation. Child criminal exploitation (CCE)13 35. Some specific forms of CCE can include children being forced or manipulated into transporting drugs or money through county lines, working in cannabis factories, shoplifting or pickpocketing. They can also be forced or manipulated into committing vehicle crime or threatening/committing serious violence to others. 36. Children can become trapped by this type of exploitation, as perpetrators can threaten victims (and their families) with violence or entrap and coerce them into debt. They may be